Financial Accounting

Human Resource Management · Level 6  ·  9 Chapters

Compiled by: Joseph Opiyo

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What Financial Accounting covers

In this unit, you will be able to confidently apply key accounting principles and standards to record and classify financial transactions accurately, ensuring clear and reliable financial information. You will master the use of source documents, books of original entry, ledgers, and cash books to create a complete and error-free accounting system. By the end, you’ll be equipped to support real businesses with precise financial data that meets professional standards and helps users make informed decisions.

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Careers after Financial Accounting

In Kenya, the accounting skills you master in this unit open doors to many workplaces where numbers keep businesses running smoothly. Whether you join a formal firm, support a community-based enterprise, or start your own bookkeeping service, you’ll be the person who turns transactions into reliable information that managers, lenders, and regulators depend on.

  • Manufacturing SMEs in the Industrial Area of Nairobi - you record daily purchases, sales, and payroll in journals and ledgers, apply double-entry rules, and produce trial balances that help owners spot profit trends and secure bank financing.
  • Agricultural cooperatives in the Rift Valley - you identify the right source documents for member sales, classify cash receipts and discounts, and prepare statements of financial position that enable the cooperative to access government grants and input subsidies.
  • Tourist lodges and resorts along the Kenyan coast - you maintain cash books, reconcile bank statements, and adjust profit figures after correcting errors, ensuring accurate reporting for seasonal budgeting and tax compliance.
  • Retail shops and supermarkets in Mombasa’s Old Town - you classify everyday transactions, post them to the appropriate books of original entry, and generate daily cash-receipt reports that help shop owners manage inventory and cash flow.
  • County health facilities in Kisumu - you act as a finance officer who identifies users of accounting information (e.g., hospital managers, donors), records source documents from medical supplies, and prepares financial statements that support funding applications.
  • Construction firms operating in Kiambu and Nakuru - you handle project-related expenses, identify suspense balances, correct them, and update profit and loss statements so project managers can monitor cost overruns and claim progress payments.
  • Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working on community development in Eldoret - you classify donor receipts, apply cash-discount rules, and produce reconciled bank statements that satisfy donor audit requirements and maintain donor confidence.
  • Private secondary schools in Nairobi’s Westlands - you keep the school’s cash book, record tuition receipts and scholarship discounts, and correct posting errors, providing clear financial reports for school boards and parent-teacher associations.
  • Micro-enterprise owners offering freelance bookkeeping services - you use the full cycle of journalising, ledger posting, trial-balance checking, and error correction for multiple small clients, charging a fee per month for reliable, compliant financial records.
  • County revenue offices in Machakos - you identify the various users of accounting information (tax assessors, policy makers), classify revenue and expenditure transactions, and prepare consolidated statements that guide local budgeting decisions.

Your ability to turn raw numbers into trustworthy financial information will make you an essential asset wherever money moves - whether in a bustling market stall, a growing tech start-up, or a community health centre. Keep practicing, and the doors to these opportunities will open wide.

Chapters

What Financial Accounting covers: 49 main topics in 9 chapters

1. Apply accounting concepts, conventions and policies

  1. 1.1 Accounting concepts, conventions and policies
  2. 1.2 Accounting equation
  3. 1.3 Users of accounting information

2. Prepare books of original entries

  1. 2.1 Income and expenditure
  2. 2.2 Year-end adjustments
  3. 2.3 Accruals
  4. 2.4 Prepayments
  5. 2.5 Provisions
  6. 2.6 Statement of profit or loss
  7. 2.7 Statement of financial position items
  8. 2.8 Statement of financial position

3. Post transaction to the ledger

  1. 3.1 Classification of ledgers
  2. 3.2 Ledger accounts identification
  3. 3.3 Posting of transactions to ledgers
  4. 3.4 Balancing off ledger accounts
  5. 3.5 Trial balance

4. Prepare cash books

  1. 4.1 Cash books
  2. 4.2 Classification of cash receipts
  3. 4.3 Recording of cash receipts
  4. 4.4 Discounts

5. Correct accounting errors

  1. 5.1 Errors affecting the trial balance
  2. 5.2 Errors that do not affect the trial balance
  3. 5.3 Correction of errors
  4. 5.4 Suspense account
  5. 5.5 Reported gross/net profit
  6. 5.6 The final statement of financial position

6. Prepare bank reconciliation statements

  1. 6.1 Cash book and bank statement balance discrepancies:
  2. 6.2 Update the cash book
  3. 6.3 Bank reconciliation statement

7. Maintain non-current assets’ register

  1. 7.1 Determining costs of assets as per Accounting standards
  2. 7.2 Depreciation computation
  3. 7.3 Depreciation recording as per accounting guidelines
  4. 7.4 Accounting treatment on depreciation
  5. 7.5 Acquisition of Non-current assets
  6. 7.6 Disposal of non-current assets
  7. 7.7 Determining asset balances

8. Maintain receivables and payables ledgers

  1. 8.1 Bad debts written off
  2. 8.2 Provision for bad debts
  3. 8.3 Adjusting receivable balances
  4. 8.4 Adjusting payable balances
  5. 8.5 Control accounts

9. Prepare sole trader statements

  1. 9.1 Income and expenditure
  2. 9.2 Year-end adjustments
  3. 9.3 Accruals
  4. 9.4 Prepayments
  5. 9.5 Provisions
  6. 9.6 Statement of profit or loss
  7. 9.7 Statement of financial position items
  8. 9.8 Statement of financial position

Revise this unit

3 more for this unit

Beyond the syllabus

Other units in Module IV