Departments› Chemical Engineering› Module IV› Engineering Drawing And Design› Ch 7: Draft chemical process equipment
Chemical Engineering  ·  Level 6
Engineering Drawing And Design
Chapter 7: Draft chemical process equipment
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Chemical process equipment forms the backbone of any chemical engineering operation, especially in Kenya's growing industrial and manufacturing sectors. Accurate drafting of this equipment ensures seamless communication between design engineers, fabricators, and operators, reducing errors and enhancing safety. This chapter focuses on the principles and practices of drafting chemical process equipment, integrating traditional sketching methods with modern CAD software to meet professional standards.

7.1 Chemical Process Equipment

Drafting chemical process equipment requires understanding the types and functions of such equipment within a plant. Kenyan chemical engineers often deal with equipment like reactors, heat exchangers, distillation columns, and storage tanks, each with unique design parameters that must be accurately represented. Proper drawings facilitate fabrication, installation, and maintenance, ensuring compliance with safety and operational standards.

7.1.1 Types of Chemical Process Equipment

Chemical process equipment can be broadly classified based on their function and construction into several categories:

  • Reactors: Vessels where chemical reactions occur, designed to withstand pressure, temperature, and corrosive environments. Common types include batch, continuous stirred tank, and plug flow reactors.
  • Heat Exchangers: Devices that transfer heat between two or more fluids without mixing them. Shell-and-tube and plate heat exchangers are frequently used in Kenyan industries.
  • Distillation Columns: Towers used to separate liquid mixtures based on boiling points, essential in refining and petrochemical processes.
  • Storage Tanks: Used for storing raw materials, intermediates, or finished products; designed to handle liquids or gases under specific conditions.
  • Pumps and Compressors: Equipment that moves fluids or gases through the process plant, requiring precise specifications to ensure flow rates and pressures are maintained.

7.1.2 Key Parameters of Chemical Process Equipment

Understanding equipment parameters is crucial for accurate drafting and design. These parameters determine the size, shape, and materials used in construction:

  • Capacity: Volume or throughput the equipment can handle, expressed in litres, cubic meters, or mass flow rates.
  • Operating Pressure: Maximum and minimum pressure limits the equipment must tolerate, influencing wall thickness and reinforcement.
  • Operating Temperature: Temperature range affects material selection and insulation requirements.
  • Material of Construction: Choice of metals or alloys based on corrosion resistance, strength, and cost considerations.
  • Connections and Nozzle Sizes: Locations and dimensions for piping or instrumentation connections must be precisely indicated to ensure compatibility.

7.1.3 Sketching Chemical Process Equipment

Sketching is the initial step in visualizing and communicating equipment concepts. In Kenya’s practical settings, engineers often begin with hand sketches before moving to detailed drawings:

  • Use standard symbols and line types according to BS EN ISO 10628 for process flow diagrams.
  • Begin with the outline shape of the equipment, showing height, diameter, and major components.
  • Indicate nozzle locations and sizes clearly on the sketch.
  • Use proportional dimensions to represent equipment scale roughly.
  • Label all parts for clarity, including manways, supports, and internal components if visible.
  • Ensure sketches are neat and legible to facilitate easy interpretation by fabricators or CAD drafters.

7.1.4 Detailed Working Drawing of Equipment

Detailed working drawings provide all necessary information for fabrication and assembly, adhering to Kenyan and international standards:

  • Include orthographic views: front, side, and top views showing all dimensions.
  • Use sectional views to reveal internal structures such as baffles, coils, or trays.
  • Specify welding details, flange types, and surface finishes.
  • Follow line conventions: continuous thick lines for visible edges, dashed lines for hidden details, and chain lines for centerlines as per BS 8888.
  • Include a title block containing project name, drawing number-scale, drafter’s name, and date.
  • Clearly mark material specifications and any special instructions related to testing or inspection.

7.1.5 Equipment Drawing Using CAD Software

CAD software enhances precision and efficiency in producing chemical process equipment drawings, widely adopted in Kenyan engineering firms:

  • Start by creating a 2D layout of the equipment using accurate dimensions from sketches or calculations.
  • Use parametric modelling to define equipment parts so that changes in one dimension automatically update related features.
  • Employ 3D modelling techniques such as sweeps and revolutions to represent cylindrical vessels or pipes, following guidance from the Manual of Engineering Drawing.
  • Incorporate standard symbols and templates from BS EN ISO standards for consistency.
  • Generate assembly drawings combining individual components, with exploded views if necessary.
  • Use CAD to produce bill of materials (BOM) automatically linked to the drawing parts.
  • Export drawings in formats compatible with fabrication machines or for client review.

Practice Questions

  1. Identify and describe the main types of chemical process equipment commonly used in a chemical plant. (10 marks)
  2. Sketch a simple outline of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger indicating all major components and nozzle locations. (15 marks)
  3. List and explain five key parameters that must be considered when drafting a distillation column. (10 marks)
  4. Describe the steps to prepare a detailed working drawing of a storage tank following BS 8888 standards. (15 marks)
  5. Explain how CAD software can be used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of chemical equipment drawings. (10 marks)

Chapter Summary

This chapter focused on drafting chemical process equipment, emphasizing the importance of understanding various equipment parameters such as dimensions, materials, and operating conditions. It began with the identification and classification of common chemical process equipment used in industry. The chapter then covered the fundamentals of sketching these pieces of equipment, highlighting the need for clear, accurate, and scaled freehand drawings. Moving forward, it detailed the creation of comprehensive working drawings that include all necessary views, dimensions, and annotations for fabrication or installation. The use of CAD software to produce precise and professional equipment drawings was also explored, demonstrating how digital tools enhance accuracy and efficiency. Throughout, the chapter stressed adherence to relevant standards and conventions to ensure clarity and uniformity in technical communication.

Self-Assessment

🔒 PDFDownload this self-assessment, with answers

A. Written Assessment

  1. What are the key parameters to consider when drafting a chemical reactor for process design? (3 marks)
  2. Identify the standard line types used in BS/ISO technical drawings for chemical process equipment. (2 marks)
  3. Which scale is most appropriate for detailed working drawings of a distillation column with a height of 6 meters? Justify your choice. (3 marks)
  4. Explain the difference between a sketch and a detailed working drawing in chemical equipment design. (3 marks)
  5. List three advantages of using CAD software over manual sketching for chemical equipment drawings. (3 marks)
  6. In a chemical process equipment drawing, what symbol is used to represent a pump according to BS standards? (2 marks)
  7. Describe the procedure for constructing a sectional view of a heat exchanger in a technical drawing. (4 marks)
  8. How would you indicate material specifications on a chemical equipment drawing? (2 marks)
  9. What are the implications of incorrect equipment parameter specification on the final drawing? (3 marks)
  10. Name two Kenyan regulatory bodies whose standards influence chemical process equipment design documentation. (2 marks)
Show Answers
  1. Key parameters: dimensions (height, diameter), operating pressure, temperature, material of construction. These affect design and safety.
  2. Standard line types: Continuous thick lines for visible edges, dashed lines for hidden edges, chain lines for centerlines as per BS/ISO standards.
  3. Appropriate scale: 1:20 or 1:10; detailed drawings require a scale that shows all components clearly without excessive paper size.
  4. Difference: Sketch is a freehand preliminary representation; detailed working drawing is precise, to scale, and includes all specifications for fabrication.
  5. Advantages of CAD: Easy modification, high accuracy, ability to generate 3D models, and integration with simulation tools.
  6. Pump symbol: A circle with a triangle pointing in the flow direction, standardized in BS 5070.
  7. Sectional view procedure:
    • Select cutting plane line through the heat exchanger
    • Draw the outline of the cut section
    • Hatch the cut surfaces with appropriate pattern
    • Label components visible in the section
  8. Material specifications: Indicated using notes or labels linked to equipment parts, often referencing material codes or standards.
  9. Implications: Incorrect parameters can lead to unsafe design, equipment failure, or non-compliance with safety standards causing costly rework.
  10. Regulatory bodies: National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS).

B. Oral Assessment

  1. Discuss how the use of CAD software has transformed the drafting of chemical process equipment in Kenyan industries. Include challenges and benefits.
  2. Explain the importance of accurate equipment parameter specification in the design of a chemical reactor and how errors can impact downstream processes.
Answer Guide

Question 1 key points:

  • CAD allows precise, modifiable, and shareable drawings
  • Integration with simulation improves design validation
  • Challenges include training requirements and software costs
  • Benefits include time savings and reduced errors

Question 2 key points:

  • Accurate parameters ensure equipment suitability for operating conditions
  • Errors can cause process inefficiency, safety risks, or equipment damage
  • Downstream processes depend on correct flow rates, pressures, and temperatures
  • Prevents costly downtime and ensures regulatory compliance

C. Case Study

The Athi River Mining Company is expanding its chemical processing plant and requires detailed drawings of a new solvent extraction column.

Tasks:
a) Draft a detailed working drawing of the solvent extraction column using BS/ISO standards, including all relevant equipment parameters. (15 marks)
b) Using CAD software, produce a sectional view of the column showing internal components and annotate material specifications. (15 marks)
c) Identify and explain three critical checks you would perform on the drawing before submission to the project engineer. (10 marks)

Suggested Approach

a) Follow step-by-step drafting procedure:

  • Determine and note all equipment parameters (height, diameter, operating conditions)
  • Draw main outlines using continuous thick lines
  • Include connections, nozzles, and support structures
  • Add title block with project details-scale, and drawing number

b) Use CAD tools to:

  • Insert cutting plane line and generate sectional view
  • Hatch cut surfaces with standard patterns
  • Label internals such as trays, packing, and distributors
  • Annotate materials referencing KEBS standards and project specs

c) Critical checks:

  • Verify all dimensions and parameters match process data sheets
  • Confirm line types and symbols comply with BS/ISO conventions
  • Check annotations and material specifications are clear and complete to avoid fabrication errors

Chapter Examination Questions

🔒 PDFDownload these examination questions, with worked answers

SECTION A (40 Marks) - Answer ALL Questions

  1. Explain the importance of specifying equipment parameters such as volume, pressure rating, and material of construction when drafting a chemical reactor for a Kenyan fertilizer manufacturing plant. (4 marks)
  2. Describe the standard line types used in BS EN ISO 128 for representing hidden edges and centre lines in detailed working drawings of chemical process equipment. (4 marks)
  3. List the essential components that must appear in the title block of a CAD drawing for a distillation column used in an oil refinery. (4 marks)
  4. Sketch a simple front view outline of a shell and tube heat exchanger indicating the shell, tubes, and nozzles, labelling all parts clearly. (4 marks)
  5. State four critical dimensions that must be included in the detailed working drawing of a chemical storage tank. (4 marks)
  6. Explain how CAD software enhances accuracy and efficiency when drafting a pressure vessel compared to manual sketching. (4 marks)
  7. Identify three common materials used for chemical process equipment in Kenyan industries and explain why each is preferred. (4 marks)
  8. Describe the procedure for constructing a detailed drawing of a centrifugal pump used in water treatment plants using CAD software. (4 marks)
  9. What are the consequences of omitting equipment parameters such as design pressure and temperature in chemical process equipment drawings? (4 marks)
  10. Outline the steps to convert a hand-drawn sketch of a reactor into a professional CAD drawing suitable for client approval. (4 marks)
Section A - Answers
  1. Equipment parameters ensure safe design, compliance with Kenyan standards, suitability for process conditions, and correct material selection to withstand operating pressures and chemical exposure.
  2. Hidden edges are shown with short dashed lines; centre lines are represented by alternating long and short dashes, as per BS EN ISO 128.
  3. Title block must include: drawing title, drawing number-scale, date, drafter’s name, checker’s name, company name, and revision number.
  4. The sketch should show a cylindrical shell horizontally oriented, tube bundle inside, two nozzles (inlet and outlet), with labels for shell, tubes, and nozzles.
  5. Diameter, height, thickness of the shell, nozzle sizes, and location coordinates.
  6. CAD allows precise dimensioning, easy editing, error reduction through snap features, and faster production of multiple views compared to manual drawing.
  7. Stainless steel (corrosion resistance), carbon steel (strength and cost-effectiveness), and glass-lined steel (chemical inertness).
  8. Start by setting the scale, draw base outline, add impeller, casing, shaft, bearings, inlet and outlet nozzles, dimension all parts, and annotate per standards.
  9. Omissions can cause design errors, safety risks, equipment failure, and non-compliance with regulatory requirements.
  10. Scan or digitize the sketch, import into CAD, trace outlines, add dimensions and annotations, apply layers and line types, check for standards compliance, and save final file.

SECTION B (60 Marks) - Answer any TWO Questions

Question 11 (Compulsory - 20 marks)
Kenya Pipeline Company plans to install a new chemical dosing system for water treatment at one of their terminals.
a) Prepare a detailed working drawing of a chemical dosing tank including all necessary equipment parameters and dimensions. (10 marks)
b) Explain how CAD software can be utilized to produce the drawing and mention at least three CAD standards applicable to this exercise. (10 marks)

Question 12 (20 marks)
Discuss the key equipment parameters that must be considered when drafting a pressure vessel for use in a Kenyan pharmaceutical plant. Include material selection, pressure and temperature ratings, and safety factors.

Question 13 (20 marks)
A chemical engineer is required to sketch and then produce a detailed working drawing of a batch reactor used in a soap manufacturing company in Nairobi. Describe the step-by-step procedure for:
a) Sketching the reactor (8 marks)
b) Developing the detailed working drawing using CAD software (12 marks)

Question 14 (20 marks)
Explain the significance of incorporating Kenyan and international standards in the drafting of chemical process equipment. Illustrate your answer with examples related to piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) and equipment layout drawings.

Section B - Answers

Question 11
a) The detailed drawing must show the tank’s shape (cylindrical or rectangular), dimensions (diameter, height, wall thickness), nozzle locations and sizes, manholes, material specifications, design pressure and temperature, and welding details. All dimensions must be clearly annotated with tolerances.
b) CAD software allows precise dimensioning, layer management for clarity, easy modification, and adherence to standards such as BS EN ISO 128 (line conventions), BS EN ISO 5457 (sheet sizes and layout), and ISO 7200 (title blocks and drawing identification).

Question 12
Key parameters include:

  • Material selection based on corrosion resistance and mechanical strength (e.g., stainless steel).
  • Design pressure and temperature matching the process conditions with safety margins.
  • Wall thickness calculated per Kenyan standards or ASME codes to withstand operational stresses.
  • Inclusion of safety factors to cater for unexpected loads.
  • Consideration of inspection openings and nozzle placements for maintenance.

Question 13
a) Sketching procedure:

  1. Draw the basic outline of the reactor (cylindrical or batch shape).
  2. Indicate inlet and outlet nozzles, agitator, manhole, and support structures.
  3. Label all parts clearly.

  4. Add approximate dimensions.
    b) CAD drawing procedure:

  5. Set drawing scale and sheet size.

  6. Draft the outline using CAD tools.
  7. Insert standard symbols for nozzles and agitators.
  8. Dimension all parts accurately.
  9. Apply correct line types for visible and hidden edges.
  10. Add title block with relevant details.
  11. Review and finalize drawing for printing or submission.

Question 14
Kenyan and international standards ensure safety, interoperability, and quality. For example, P&IDs must follow BS EN ISO 10628 standards for symbols and layout to avoid misinterpretation. Equipment layout drawings must comply with BS EN ISO 5457 for sheet sizes and drawing presentation, ensuring uniformity and ease of communication between engineers, contractors, and regulators. This reduces errors and facilitates compliance with KEBS and NEMA regulations.

References

  1. TVET CDACC - Engineering Drawing And Design Curriculum (Cycle 3, 2025)
  2. TVET CDACC - Engineering Drawing And Design Occupational Standards
  3. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) - KS ISO 128: Technical Drawings, General Principles of Presentation (2019)
  4. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) - KS ISO 5457: Technical Drawings, Sheet Sizes and Layout (2018)
  5. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) - KS ISO 7200: Technical Product Documentation, Data Fields in Title Blocks and Document Headers (2017)
  6. Kenya Factories and Other Places of Work (Hazardous Substances) Rules, 2007

Chapter Practical Activities

Practical 1: Sketching Basic Chemical Process Equipment

Time: 2 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing board 600mm x 450mm
  • HB and 2H pencils, eraser, ruler 300mm, compass
  • Graph paper A4 size
  • PPE: Overall, safety boots

You are working as a trainee process engineer at the Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) factory in Kericho preparing initial sketches for a new chemical dosing tank.

Tasks:
i. Sketch freehand a simple vertical cylindrical chemical dosing tank with a conical bottom.
ii. Include inlet and outlet nozzles positioned at standard heights.
iii. Label all major components including manhole, vent, and support legs.
iv. Dimension the sketch approximately to 1200mm diameter and 2500mm height.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Clarity and proportion of the sketch
  • [ ] Correct identification and labelling of equipment parts
  • [ ] Neatness and line quality
  • [ ] Proper use of dimensions and scale representation

Practical 2: Drawing Equipment Parameters Table

Time: 1 Hour | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Computer with MS Excel or LibreOffice Calc
  • Sample data sheet for a shell and tube heat exchanger
  • PPE: None required

At a Nairobi County water treatment plant, you are tasked with preparing equipment parameters for process design documentation.

Tasks:
i. Enter given equipment parameters such as shell diameter, tube length, number of tubes, and design pressure into a spreadsheet.
ii. Format the table with appropriate headings and units.
iii. Calculate and add a column for total heat transfer area based on tube dimensions.
iv. Save and print the completed parameters table.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accuracy of data entry
  • [ ] Correct use of units and headings
  • [ ] Proper calculation and formula application
  • [ ] Presentation and formatting of the table

Practical 3: Constructing Detailed Working Drawing of a Batch Reactor

Time: 3 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing board with T-square and set squares
  • Mechanical pencils (2H, HB)
  • Scale ruler (1:20)
  • Drawing sheets A3 size
  • PPE: Overall, safety boots

At the Kenya Petroleum Refinery Limited (KPRL), you are preparing detailed drawings of a batch chemical reactor for fabrication.

Tasks:
i. Draw to scale a front elevation and side elevation of the batch reactor including agitator and jacket.
ii. Show all nozzles and manways with dimensions.
iii. Include sectional views where necessary.
iv. Add a title block with project details and drawing scale.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accuracy and completeness of views
  • [ ] Correct line types and thickness as per BS 8888 standard
  • [ ] Inclusion of all required dimensions and notes
  • [ ] Proper title block completion

Practical 4: Using CAD Software to Draw a Distillation Column

Time: 3 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Computer with AutoCAD or equivalent CAD software installed
  • Sample process data sheet for a distillation column
  • PPE: None required

At the Eldoret Sugar Factory chemical engineering department, you are assigned to produce a CAD drawing of a distillation column.

Tasks:
i. Set up the CAD workspace with correct units (mm) and layer conventions.
ii. Draw the main shell of the column to scale 1:25.
iii. Add internal trays and reflux condenser details.
iv. Annotate the drawing with dimensions and equipment tags.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Correct use of CAD tools and layers
  • [ ] Accuracy and scale adherence of the drawing
  • [ ] Completeness of internal details
  • [ ] Proper annotation and dimensioning

Practical 5: Interpreting Equipment Drawing Specifications

Time: 1 Hour | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Printed technical drawing of a shell and tube heat exchanger
  • Scale ruler 1:50
  • PPE: None required

You are a process technician at the Athi Water Services Board interpreting equipment drawings for maintenance planning.

Tasks:
i. Identify and list all nozzles and their sizes from the drawing.
ii. Determine the overall length and diameter of the heat exchanger.
iii. Note the type and number of tube passes.
iv. Explain the function of the main components shown in the drawing.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accurate identification of equipment features
  • [ ] Correct measurement of dimensions using scale
  • [ ] Application of technical drawing knowledge to interpret details
  • [ ] Clear and concise explanation of components

Practical 6: Sketching Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Symbols

Time: 1.5 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Sketch pad A4 size
  • Mechanical pencils (HB)
  • Reference sheet of BS EN ISO 10628 symbols
  • PPE: None required

At the Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) chemical laboratory, you need to prepare sketches for P&ID symbols for a process control system.

Tasks:
i. Sketch standard symbols for valves, pumps, and instruments as per ISO standards.
ii. Draw a simple piping layout incorporating these symbols.
iii. Label each symbol with its function.
iv. Provide a legend explaining all symbols used.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accuracy of symbol shapes and proportions
  • [ ] Correct labelling and identification
  • [ ] Compliance with ISO standards
  • [ ] Clarity and neatness of the sketch

Practical 7: Calculating Equipment Scale Dimensions from Process Data

Time: 1 Hour | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Scientific calculator
  • Process data sheet for a mixing vessel
  • Graph paper A4 size
  • Pencil and ruler
  • PPE: None required

While working at the Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, you must determine appropriate drawing scales for a new mixing vessel.

Tasks:
i. Calculate the dimensions of the vessel (diameter and height) based on given volume and aspect ratio.
ii. Choose an appropriate scale for a detailed drawing on A4 size paper.
iii. Sketch the vessel to scale on graph paper.
iv. Annotate the sketch with actual and scaled dimensions.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accuracy of calculations based on process data
  • [ ] Correct selection of drawing scale
  • [ ] Precision of the scaled sketch
  • [ ] Clear annotation of dimensions

Practical 8: Preparing Title Blocks for Chemical Equipment Drawings

Time: 45 Minutes | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing sheets A3 size
  • Ruler, pencil, eraser
  • Sample project data (client, drawing number, date)
  • PPE: None required

You are tasked at the Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC) design office to prepare title blocks for a set of chemical equipment drawings.

Tasks:
i. Draw a title block at the bottom right corner of the drawing sheet according to BS 8888.
ii. Include fields for project name, drawing title-scale, date, drafter’s name, and revision number.
iii. Fill in the sample project data provided.
iv. Ensure the title block is neat and legible.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Compliance with BS 8888 title block standards
  • [ ] Completeness of required fields
  • [ ] Neatness and legibility of text and lines
  • [ ] Correct placement on drawing sheet

Practical 9: Drafting a Flanged Connection Detail

Time: 2 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing board, T-square, set squares
  • Mechanical pencils 2H, HB
  • Scale ruler (1:10)
  • PPE: Overall, safety boots

At the Chemelil Sugar Company engineering workshop, you are to draft a detailed drawing of a flanged connection for a chemical feed line.

Tasks:
i. Draw the front view and sectional view of a flanged connection showing bolts, gasket, and flange faces.
ii. Include relevant dimensions such as bolt circle diameter, flange thickness, and bolt size.
iii. Label all parts clearly.
iv. Add notes on material specifications and assembly instructions.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Accuracy of views and dimensions
  • [ ] Correct use of sectional drawing techniques
  • [ ] Clarity of labelling and notes
  • [ ] Completeness of drawing details

Practical 10: Creating a Bill of Materials from Equipment Drawing

Time: 1 Hour | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Printed detailed drawing of a chemical pump assembly
  • Computer with MS Word or LibreOffice Writer
  • PPE: None required

Working at the Nairobi Hospital pharmaceutical plant, you need to prepare a Bill of Materials (BOM) for procurement.

Tasks:
i. Identify all components from the pump assembly drawing.
ii. List each item with description, quantity, and material specification.
iii. Format the BOM in a clear table.
iv. Save and print the document.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Correct identification of components
  • [ ] Accurate quantities and descriptions
  • [ ] Proper table formatting and clarity
  • [ ] Completeness of BOM for procurement use

Practical 11: Modifying a Process Equipment Drawing for Design Change

Time: 2 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Original chemical reactor drawing in CAD format
  • Computer with CAD software (AutoCAD or equivalent)
  • PPE: None required

At the Kenya Pipeline Company, a client requests modification of a chemical reactor to increase capacity.

Tasks:
i. Open the original CAD drawing and review existing dimensions.
ii. Modify the reactor height and diameter as per new specifications.
iii. Update nozzle sizes and positions accordingly.
iv. Save the modified drawing with revision notes.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Correct application of modification instructions
  • [ ] Maintenance of drawing standards and layers
  • [ ] Accuracy of revised dimensions and details
  • [ ] Proper documentation of revision history

Practical 12: Assembling a Multi-View Drawing of a Chemical Filter

Time: 3 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing board, T-square, set squares
  • Mechanical pencils (HB, 2H)
  • Scale ruler (1:20)
  • PPE: Overall, safety boots

At the Moi University chemical engineering workshop, you are assigned to prepare multi-view drawings for a pressure filter.

Tasks:
i. Draw front, top, and side views of the filter assembly to scale.
ii. Show internal components using sectional views.
iii. Indicate all connection points and support details.
iv. Add dimensions and notes as per drawing standards.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Completeness of all required views
  • [ ] Accuracy of scale and proportions
  • [ ] Inclusion of sectional details
  • [ ] Correct dimensioning and labelling

Practical 13: Producing a Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Sketch by Hand

Time: 1.5 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Drawing paper A3 size
  • Pencil, eraser, ruler
  • Reference process description for ammonia synthesis plant
  • PPE: None required

At the Kenya Fertilizer Plant in Nakuru, you are required to sketch a simplified process flow diagram.

Tasks:
i. Draw the main process units including reactors, compressors, and heat exchangers.
ii. Use standard symbols for equipment.
iii. Show material flow with arrows.
iv. Label all equipment with names and numbers.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Correct use of PFD symbols
  • [ ] Logical flow and connectivity of process units
  • [ ] Neatness and clarity of sketch
  • [ ] Proper labelling of all components

Practical 14: Dimensioning a CAD Drawing of a Chemical Storage Tank

Time: 2 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Computer with CAD software
  • Existing CAD model of a vertical chemical storage tank
  • PPE: None required

At the Kenya Ports Authority chemical storage yard, you are tasked with completing the tank drawing by adding dimensions.

Tasks:
i. Open the existing CAD model.
ii. Add all necessary linear and radial dimensions including tank height, diameter, nozzle positions, and manhole size.
iii. Ensure dimension lines comply with BS EN ISO 129-1 standards.
iv. Save and print the completed drawing.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Completeness of dimensioning
  • [ ] Compliance with dimensioning standards
  • [ ] Accuracy of dimension placement
  • [ ] Clarity and legibility of dimensions

Practical 15: Preparing a Maintenance Drawing for a Chemical Pump Assembly

Time: 2 Hours | Type: Individual

Resources Required:

  • Printed assembly drawing of a chemical pump
  • Drawing board, pencils
  • Highlighters and annotation pens
  • PPE: Overall, gloves

At the Kenya Breweries Limited chemical processing plant, you are to prepare a maintenance drawing highlighting key inspection points.

Tasks:
i. Review the pump assembly drawing.
ii. Highlight and annotate critical parts requiring routine maintenance such as seals, bearings, and impellers.
iii. Add notes on inspection intervals and safety precautions.
iv. Produce a clean copy of the annotated drawing.

Assessor Observation Criteria:

  • [ ] Correct identification of maintenance points
  • [ ] Clarity and accuracy of annotations
  • [ ] Neatness and professional presentation
  • [ ] Inclusion of safety and maintenance notes
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