Observe occupational health and safety is a critical aspect of leather production operations in Kenya. The leather industry involves various machines that pose physical, chemical, and ergonomic risks to workers if not properly managed. Understanding key occupational health and safety (OHS) concepts and organizational frameworks ensures that leather technologists and machine operators maintain safe working environments, reduce accidents, and comply with national legal requirements such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of Kenya. This chapter explores essential definitions related to health and safety and the structure and responsibilities of OHS within leather production enterprises.

6.1 Definition of terms

The terminology used in occupational health and safety forms the foundation for effective communication and implementation of safety measures in leather production settings. Clarity on these terms helps workers and managers understand their roles and the risks involved with machinery used in leather processing.

6.1.1 Hazard

A hazard refers to any source, situation, or act that has the potential to cause injury, illness, or damage to property or the environment. In leather production, examples include moving machine parts, chemical solvents used in tanning, and slippery floors in wet processing areas. Identifying hazards is the first step in preventing workplace accidents and ensuring employee safety.

6.1.2 Risk

Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause harm, combined with the severity of the potential injury or damage. For instance, operating a splitting machine without proper guarding presents a high risk of cuts or amputations. Risk assessment in leather factories evaluates both the probability and impact of hazards to prioritize control measures effectively.

6.1.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment comprises clothing or devices worn by workers to reduce exposure to hazards. Common PPE in leather production includes gloves resistant to chemicals, safety goggles to protect eyes from splashes, earplugs to mitigate noise from machinery, and respiratory masks to prevent inhalation of tanning agents. Proper selection and use of PPE are vital in minimizing occupational illnesses and injuries.

6.1.4 Accident

An accident is an unplanned event that results in injury, illness, damage, or loss. In the context of leather production, accidents might include a worker slipping on wet floors, a machine malfunction causing hand injury, or exposure to harmful fumes. Recording and investigating accidents help organizations identify root causes and implement preventive measures.

6.1.5 Occupational Disease

An occupational disease is a health condition directly caused by exposure to workplace hazards over time. Leather industry workers may develop respiratory ailments from inhaling chromium compounds or skin diseases from contact with chemicals. Recognizing occupational diseases enables timely medical intervention and workplace adjustments to prevent further harm.

Chapter Summary

This chapter begins by defining key terms essential to occupational health and safety, including personal protective equipment and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. It then explores the principles and structure of organisation health and safety, highlighting the roles and responsibilities within a workplace. Various occupational hazards specific to leather production are examined to raise awareness of potential risks. The importance of maintaining good housekeeping practices is emphasized as a foundation for a safe working environment. Preventive measures aimed at reducing accidents and health issues are discussed in detail. The chapter also covers the procedures for conducting first aid drills to ensure readiness in emergencies. Finally, firefighting techniques and the execution of fire drills are outlined to prepare workers for fire-related incidents.