Building Technology  ·  Level 6
Technical Drawing
Chapter 1: Use and maintain drawing equipment and materials
📚 5 Topics
⚑ What you will be able to do

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  • Identify and gather the correct drawing equipment needed for any technical drawing task.
  • Select and collect the appropriate drawing materials accurately for your project.
  • Use and maintain drawing equipment safely and correctly by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Handle and apply drawing materials properly to meet specific job requirements.
  • Dispose of waste materials safely, following workplace procedures and environmental laws.

Mastering these skills ensures your drawings are precise and professional, while keeping you safe and protecting the environment in your trade.

Compiled by: Wambui Muriuki

Drawing equipment and materials are fundamental to producing accurate and professional technical drawings across all sectors in Kenya. Whether in a hospital designing facility layouts, a SACCO planning branch expansions, or a county government office preparing architectural plans, the choice and maintenance of drawing equipment directly affect the quality and clarity of the output. This chapter focuses on identifying essential drawing tools, understanding their specifications, uses, and how to properly maintain them to ensure longevity and precision in work.

1.1 Identification of Drawing Equipment

In the professional Kenyan context, selecting the right drawing equipment is critical for accuracy and efficiency. Different organizations, from universities to retail businesses, rely on precise technical drawings for planning and communication. This section introduces key drawing tools, drawing boards, T-squares, set squares, and full drawing sets, detailing their specifications and practical applications.

1.1.1 Drawing Boards

Name Specification Use
Drawing Board Smooth, flat wooden or plastic board, size varies typically A2 to A0; thickness 12-25mm; edges beveled for ease of use Provides a rigid surface to support drawing paper and tools for accurate sketching
  • Used for securing drawing sheets firmly to prevent movement during drafting.
  • The surface must be smooth to avoid paper damage and ensure clean lines.
  • Boards often have clips or pins to hold the paper in place.
  • Lightweight boards are preferred for portability between work sites such as hospitals or retail outlets.
  • Regular cleaning and storage in dry conditions prevent warping and surface damage.

1.1.2 T and Set Squares

T-squares and set squares are precision tools designed to guide straight lines and angles, essential for maintaining dimensional accuracy in drawings used by institutions like universities or banks when planning infrastructure or layouts.

Name Specification Use
T-square Typically made of plastic or wood; length ranges from 30cm to 120cm; one edge straight and the other with a head perpendicular to the edge Used to draw horizontal lines and align paper on the drawing board
Set squares Usually plastic; come in 45°, 30°-60° angle variations; sizes from 10cm to 20cm Used to draw vertical and angled lines accurately
  • T-square guides horizontal lines and ensures paper alignment.
  • Set squares complement the T-square by providing accurate vertical and angled lines.
  • Both tools must be free from warping or damage to maintain precision.
  • Used in combination, they facilitate the drawing of perpendicular and parallel lines.
  • Storage in protective cases prevents edge damage and extends tool life.

1.1.3 Drawing Sets

Drawing sets bundle the essential tools required for technical drawing, ideal for professionals in sectors such as hotels and retail businesses who undertake on-site layout planning or design work.

Name Specification Use
Drawing Set Typically includes compasses, dividers, protractors, pencils, erasers, and rulers; materials vary from plastic to metal for durability Provides a comprehensive toolkit for drawing circles, arcs, angles, and measurements
  • Compasses and dividers allow precise circles and distance measurements.
  • Protractors facilitate accurate angle measurement and construction.
  • Pencils in various hardness grades enable diverse line thicknesses.
  • Erasers remove unwanted marks without damaging the paper.
  • Rulers provide straight edges and measurement scales in metric units.

Practice Questions

  1. List and describe the specifications and uses of three essential drawing tools found in a typical drawing set. (10 marks)
  2. Explain why maintaining the flatness of a drawing board is crucial in technical drawing. (5 marks)
  3. Describe the differences between a T-square and a set square in terms of design and their specific uses in drawing. (10 marks)
  4. Outline six steps for properly storing and maintaining drawing equipment to ensure longevity and accuracy. (12 marks)
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🔒1.2 Identification of drawing materials

In Kenyan professional settings such as county government offices, universities, and hospitals, selecting appropriate drawing materials is crucial to produce clear, durable, and accurate technical drawings. The choice of drawing materials affects the quality o…

🔒1.3 Use and maintenance of drawing equipment's

In Kenyan workplaces such as county referral hospitals, universities, banks, and retail businesses, the effective use and maintenance of drawing equipment are foundational to producing accurate and professional technical drawings. Proper handling ensures longe…

🔒1.4 Use of drawing materials

Drawing materials are the consumables and media on which technical drawings are created. In diverse Kenyan establishments such as universities, county government offices, farms, and hospitals, selecting appropriate materials affects the clarity, durability, an…

🔒1.5 Waste material disposal-EMCA 1999

Waste material disposal is a critical aspect of maintaining a safe and sustainable working environment in Kenyan organizations. The Environmental Management and Coordination Act (EMCA) 1999 provides the legal framework regulating waste management to protect hu…

Chapter Summary

This chapter covered the identification and proper handling of essential drawing equipment and materials used in technical drawing. It began by describing various drawing boards, T squares, set squares, and complete drawing sets, emphasizing their specific roles in producing accurate drawings. The discussion then moved to drawing materials, including different types of drawing papers, pencils with varying hardness, erasers for corrections, masking tapes for securing paper, and paper clips for organization. Detailed guidance was provided on how to correctly use and maintain drawing equipment to ensure longevity and consistent performance. The chapter also highlighted best practices for the use of drawing materials to achieve precision and clarity in drawings. Finally, it addressed the importance of responsible waste disposal in compliance with the Environmental Management and Coordination Act 1999, ensuring that waste materials from drawing activities are managed safely and sustainably.

Self-Assessment

🔒 PDFDownload this self-assessment, with answers

A. Written Assessment

  1. Which type of drawing board is most suitable for use with T squares and why? (2 marks)
  2. Identify two main differences between a T square and a set square. (3 marks)
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Chapter Examination Questions

🔒 PDFDownload these examination questions, with worked answers

SECTION A (40 Marks) - Answer ALL Questions

  1. Identify three types of drawing boards commonly used in TVET institutions such as the Kenya Medical Training College and describe their primary characteristics. (4 marks)
  2. Explain the function of a T-square in technical drawing and how it assists in producing accurate drawings at a county government office. (4 marks)
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Chapter Practical Activities

Practical 1: Identify and select appropriate drawing equipment for technical drawing tasks

Building Technology · Level 6
Technical Drawing
PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT
TIME: 4 HOURS
⬇ PDFCandidate Instructions (Candidate Tool)

Type: Individual

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.  You are required to perform the following task:
i.  Identify and select the correct drawing equipment required to draw a 600mm x 450mm technical drawing board layout as per the given specifications.
2.  You have been provided with the following resources for the practical task:
Tools & EquipmentMaterials
T-square
Set squares (30°-60° and 45°)
Drawing compass
Protractor
Mechanical pencil 0.5mm
Eraser
Sharpener
Drawing board 600mm x 450mm
Drafting brush
Divider
⬇ PDFResources Required (Cutting List)
S/NItemQuantity
1T-square1 Pc per Candidate
2Set squares (30°-60° and 45°)2 Pcs per Candidate
3Drawing compass1 Pc per Candidate
4Protractor1 Pc per Candidate
5Mechanical pencil 0.5mm1 Pc per Candidate
6Eraser1 Pc per Candidate
7Sharpener1 Pc per Candidate
8Drawing board 600mm x 450mm1 Pc per Candidate
9Drafting brush1 Pc per 5 Candidates
10Divider1 Pc per Candidate
⬇ PDFAssessor Guide
Items to be EvaluatedMarks AvailableMarks ObtainedComments
TASK 1: Identification and selection of drawing equipment
Wore PPEs appropriately (apron/dust coat, closed shoes)
(Award 1 mark each for correctly worn PPEs = 2 Marks)
2
Correctly identified T-square and explained its use
(Award 2 marks for correct identification and explanation)
2
Correctly identified both set squares and their angles
(Award 1.5 marks each for correct identification and angle specification)
3
Correctly identified drawing compass and described its function
(Award 2 marks for correct identification and function)
2
Correctly identified protractor and explained its use in measuring angles
(Award 2 marks for correct identification and explanation)
2
Selected appropriate mechanical pencil and demonstrated sharpening
(Award 2 marks for correct selection and sharpening)
2
Selected suitable eraser and divider
(Award 1 mark each for correct selection)
2
Arranged drawing board and drafting brush ready for use
(Award 1 mark for proper arrangement)
1
Sub-Total16
PRODUCT CHECKLIST
Correct selection of drawing equipment matching task requirements
(Award 1 mark each for 8 correctly selected and justified tools)
8
Sub-Total8
GRAND TOTAL24
ASSESSMENT OUTCOME:   ☐ Competent    ☐ Not Yet Competent (competent if at least 50%)

Practical 2: Set Up and Use a Drawing Board for Technical Drawing

Building Technology · Level 6
Technical Drawing
PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT
TIME: 4 HOURS
⬇ PDFCandidate Instructions (Candidate Tool)

Type: Individual

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.  You are required to perform the following task:
i.  Set up a drawing board 600mm x 450mm and prepare a technical drawing sheet using the drawing board and equipment provided.
2.  You have been provided with the following resources for the practical task:
Tools & EquipmentMaterials
Drawing board 600mm x 450mmDrawing paper A3 size
T-square 600mm
Set square 45 degrees
Set square 30/60 degrees
Drawing pins
Pencil HB
Eraser
Sharpener
⬇ PDFResources Required (Cutting List)
S/NItemQuantity
1Drawing board 600mm x 450mm1 Pc per Candidate
2T-square 600mm1 Pc per Candidate
3Set square 45 degrees1 Pc per Candidate
4Set square 30/60 degrees1 Pc per Candidate
5Drawing pins10 Pcs per Candidate
6Drawing paper A3 size2 Sheets per Candidate
7Pencil HB2 Pcs per Candidate
8Eraser1 Pc per Candidate
9Sharpener1 Pc per Candidate
⬇ PDFAssessor Guide
Items to be EvaluatedMarks AvailableMarks ObtainedComments
TASK 1: Set Up Drawing Board
Wore appropriate PPE (dust coat, safety shoes)
(Award 1 mark each for dust coat and safety shoes worn = 2 Marks)
2
Placed the drawing board on a stable flat surface
(Award 1 mark for stable and level placement)
1
Fixed the drawing paper firmly on the board using drawing pins
(Award 1 mark each for neat and secure pinning on all edges)
2
Positioned the T-square correctly along the edge of the drawing board
(Award 2 marks for correct positioning and secure placement)
2
Used set squares properly to draw perpendicular and angled lines
(Award 1 mark each for correct use of 45°, 30°/60° set squares and neat lines)
3
Sharpened pencils to a fine point before use
(Award 1 mark for well-sharpened pencils)
1
Maintained neatness and cleanliness during setup
(Award 1 mark for neat working area and proper handling)
1
Sub-Total12
TASK 2: Use Drawing Board to Prepare Technical Drawing Sheet
Drew border lines on the A3 drawing paper using T-square and set squares
(Award 3 marks for straight, neat borders with correct dimensions)
3
Set margins of 20mm on all sides accurately
(Award 2 marks for correct and consistent margin setting)
2
Drew title block at bottom right corner as per standard practice
(Award 2 marks for correct size, position and neatness)
2
Demonstrated correct use of drawing instruments to draw straight and angled lines
(Award 3 marks for accuracy and neatness of lines)
3
Erased construction lines neatly without damaging paper
(Award 2 marks for careful and clean erasing)
2
Cleaned and stored drawing tools properly after use
(Award 1 mark for correct cleaning and storage)
1
Sub-Total13
PRODUCT CHECKLIST
Drawing board set up is stable, paper is firmly pinned with no wrinkles
(Award 3 marks for firm pinning and wrinkle-free paper)
3
Borders and margins drawn correctly with 600mm x 450mm board dimensions respected
(Award 4 marks for correct dimensions and neat borders)
4
Title block correctly placed and sized as per drawing standards
(Award 2 marks for title block accuracy)
2
Lines are straight, neat and accurately drawn using drawing instruments
(Award 4 marks for line quality and accuracy)
4
Overall neatness and completeness of the technical drawing sheet
(Award 2 marks for clean, complete and professional appearance)
2
Sub-Total15
GRAND TOTAL40
ASSESSMENT OUTCOME:   ☐ Competent    ☐ Not Yet Competent (competent if at least 50%)
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🔒Use of T and Set Squares to Draw Lines and Angles on A3 Drawing SheetPractical 3
🔒Assemble and Organize a Complete Technical Drawing Set for a 420mm x 297mm A3 SheetPractical 4
🔒Identify and select drawing materials for a technical drawing taskPractical 5
🔒Prepare and handle A3 drawing papers on the drawing boardPractical 6
🔒Use of Pencils for Technical Drawing LinesPractical 7
🔒Use Erasers Effectively for Corrections on a Technical Drawing SheetPractical 8
🔒Apply masking tapes for securing drawing sheets on the drawing boardPractical 9
🔒Organize multiple drawing sheets using paper clipsPractical 10
🔒Maintain and Store Technical Drawing EquipmentPractical 11
🔒Use of Drawing Materials to Produce a Technical Drawing of a Rectangular PlatePractical 12
🔒Dispose of drawing waste materials in compliance with EMCA 1999 guidelinesPractical 13
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Am I competent?

At the start of this chapter we promised you would be able to:

  • Identify and gather the correct drawing equipment needed for any technical drawing task.
  • Select and collect the appropriate drawing materials accurately for your project.
  • Use and maintain drawing equipment safely and correctly by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Handle and apply drawing materials properly to meet specific job requirements.
  • Dispose of waste materials safely, following workplace procedures and environmental laws.

Tick each one you can genuinely do.

So, are you there yet?

You're competent when you can confidently do 50% or more of what this chapter promised.

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